Inventory of the five significant mechanisms of nephrotoxic drug effects
The kidney is the main organ for the metabolism and excretion of various drugs, from minor to common anti-cold drugs, antibiotics, antivirals, and significant to anti-tumor drugs, all of which may cause kidney damage. In drug safety evaluation studies, the study of drug nephrotoxicity is a critical element. The causes of kidney susceptibility to drug damage include physiological function aspects, anatomical structure and composition of material components, blood supply, and drug metabolism. The mechanism of nephrotoxic action of drugs can be divided into five major types according to the mode of action of renal damage of drugs. Drug-induced kidney damage can be called drug-related kidney damage, which refers to the adverse reactions of the kidney to therapeutic doses of drugs and toxic reactions due to drug overdose or irrational application. For example, drug-induced acute tubular necrosis can manifest as irritable thirst, polyhydramnios, polyuria, and other non-oliguric symptoms...